Carbureter for explosive-engines.



Patenred Oct. 2|, I902.

J. B. 8:. D. M. LEPPO. CARBURETER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

(Application filed Aug. 13,. 1901.)

(No Model.)

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ATTORNEY.

n: mums wnzns co wm'aumo. WASHINGTON, 0v 0 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES BUCHANAN LEPPO AND DAVID MARTIN LEPPO, OF MANSFIELD, OHIO, ASSIGNORS OF ONE-THIRD TO THOMAS HALL, OF MANSFIELD, OI-IIO.

CARBURETER FOR EXPLOSlVE-ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 711,902, dated October 21, 1902. Application filed August 13, 1901. Serial No. 71,915. No model T at whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES BUCHANAN LEPPO and DAVID IVIARTIN LEPPO, citizens of the United States, and residents of Mansfield,

county of Richland, and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters for Explosive-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in m carburetors which are used in conjunction with vapor-engines, the carbureter shown in the drawings and described in the specifica tion being especially constructed and adapted to be used in connection with a gasolene-enr5 gine of the portable type; and the objects of our improvements are, first, to afford facilities for mixing gasolene or other gaseous fluids with air in such proper and uniform proportions as will result in giving the engine its maximum efficiency under all conditions, such as the changing of temperature of the air, the vibration, changing and varying positions of the engine, carbureter, and running-gear caused by obstructions in and the irregular surfaces of the road; second, to construct a carbureter that will provide a means of bringing gasolene or other gaseous fluids and air to a common center in the mixingchamber and dispersing them radially after being mixed in the form of gas through holes communicating with the engine supply-chamber; third, to provide a means of automatically supplying the carbureter, reservoir, and central feed or stand pipe with a uniform 5 amount of gasolene (or other gaseous fluid) and maintaining a constant difference in level between the fluid in the stand-pipe and reservoir; fourth, to construct a carbureter that will maintain gasolene (or other gaseous 4o fluid) in the stand-pipe at a constant height irrespective of the position of the carbureter; fifth, to provide a method of constructing a carbureter with a supply-chamber by means of which the vapor or gas will be drawn from 5 the miXing-chambersinto the engine supplychambers and delivered to the cylinder of the engine, said gas retaining the same density; sixth, to provide a means whereby more or less gasolene (or other gaseous fluid) and air may be drawn into the mixing-chamber of the carbureter independent of each other,

seventh, to afford facilities for atomizing the gasolene (or other gaseous fluid) after it is forced into the mixing-chamber of the carbureter; eighth, to provide a means of varying the supply of air and gasolene simultaneously. WVe attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-.-

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the entire carbureter. Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the circular float. Fig. 3 is a side view of the circular float. Fig. 4is a horizontal sectional view through the carbureter, showing the location and construction of the coiled annular atomizers and the eccentric engine supplychamber 2. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the carbureter. 7

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

In the following description gasolene will be designated as the fluid used; but we do not limit ourselves to that fluid, as it is obvious that other gaseous fiuids can be used without deviating from the principle of our invention.

A supply-tank (not shown in the drawings) is attached to the engine or running-gear at a higher plane than the carbureter and supplies it with gasolene (or other gaseous fluid) through suitable pipe connections by gravity.

The body or shell a of the carbureter has its lower portion 1) threaded interiorly to receive a vertical annular rib c, which is made integral with the bottom (Z. Said annular rib c is threaded exteriorly and is adapted to engage with the lower portion 19 of the carbureter, thereby forming a reservoir 6 for the reception of gasolene. The bottom 01 has a boss f, projecting downwardly, and is provided with an aperture f, which is counterbored, leaving the shoulderf beveled to form a valve-seat. The gasolene flows through the aperture f into the reservoir 2, being forced by gravity through suitable pipe connections which are connected with the supply-tank. An annular float 9, having an aperture g in the'center adapted to fit the projecting end h of the stand-pipe loosely, is inserted in the reservoir 6. A yoke j is riveted or attached by any other suitable means to the bottom in the center of and'immediately over the aperture g. Said yoke is provided with an aperture it, into which the threaded end of a valvestem j is inserted and retained in place by the nutj. The opposite end of valve-stem 3' is beveled to correspond and coincide with the valve-seat f The float is sustained by means of the gasolene, and its Weight regulates the quantity ofgasolene that flows into the reservoir e. A sufficient amount of gasolene is admitted into the reservoir to counteract the weight of the float and valve. The float is then forced upward in the reservoir, bringing the valve connected thereto in con tact with the valve-seat, stopping the flow of gasolene until the quantity of gasolene in the reservoir is reduced to such an amount as will permit the float to move downward and open the valve. By this arrangement a constant level or quantity of gasolene can be maintained in the reservoir.

The stand-pipe m is'made integral or may be fitted to the inside diameter of the shell and is supplied with gasolene through the aperture 0%. The stroke ofthe piston creates arvacnum in the stand-pipe, forcing the gaso-- lene into the chamber 0, fillingit and supplying the mixing-chamber with the required amount of gasolene. The end it of the standpipe is counterbored, leaving the shoulderp beveled. The bore is threaded to receive a bushing 19' having its periphery threaded to engage with the threaded portion of the bore. Aball 10 is inserted between the bushingand the bevel-shoulder and contacts with the beveled end of the bushing, acting as a check until the next vacuum-stroke of the piston, thereby keeping the, stand-pipe full of gasolene. The top 4" of the stand-pipe and bottom 1" of the caps'are formed conical in shape, the purpose of which is to force the air and gasolene to a common center or pivotal point, thereby providing a means to thoroughly mix the air and gasolene. The space I, outlined by.the bottom of the cap and the top of the stand-pipe, forms a mixing-chamber. In the center of the cap and in alinement with the chamber 0 in the stand-pipe an aperture is provided, into which a dividing-point and sprayer 8, made integral, is inserted and is adjusted to and from the outlet in the chamber o by means of the nut 5 It is retained in place by the set-screw The end of the dividing-point is tapered, and in connection with an annular downwardly-projecting rib u, made integral, performs the double function of admitting more or less gasolene into the mixing-chamber and dividing and spraying it. The amount of gasolene forced into the mixing-chamber is regulated by adjusting the dividing-point to and from the outlet in the chamber 0, thereby increasing or decreasing the opening between the outlet and the tapered portion of the dividing-point. A ring 12 having an aperture in the center, with its top and bottom surfaces beveled to correspond with the bottom surface of the cap 3 and the top surface of the stand-pipe m, is I inserted in the mixing-chamber between the bottom of the cap 8 andthe top of the standpipe and is retained in place by the frictional contact of its periphery with the inside surface of the mixing-chamber or by other suitable means. This combination and arrangement of the parts results in forcing the air and gasolene to a common center through the medium of annular V-shaped spaces y and also serves to retain the atomizers in place The cap 8 has a downwardly-depend- .ing flange w, interiorly threaded, which is adapted to engage with the threaded exterior to of the top portion of the carburetor. An annular groove 10 is formed in part in the periphery of the carburetor and the cap and connects with the opening 0:. A-series of apertures w are provided in the circumference of the flange w and-communicate with the groove 10 Air is drawn in the mixing-chamber through the apertures, groove, and opening. varied simultaneously by screwing the cap up'or down, thereby increasing or decreasing the opening regulating the supply of air and the outlet in the chamberiowhich supplies. gasolene to the mixing-chamber. The supply of gasolene or air can be regulated independent-of each other by adjustingthe cap or dividing-point separately. The lever k is provided to screw the cap up or down and may be attached to the governor or any convenient hand device- A series .of annular spiral atomizer-s 0c of varying diameters are placed on the top of beveled surface of the stand-pipe and thoroughly atomizes the vmixture. The spiral of each individual atomizer is turned right and left and are placed in the mixing-chamber with the -spiral.running in opposite directionsalternately. We do not confine ourselves to the form of atomizers described, as modifications can be made without deviating from the principle involved in our invention. A series of apertures z are provided (the size and number can be varied) in the circumference of the carbureter and correspond with the surface of the standpipe. Said apertures communicate with the engine supply chamber 2. This supplychamber is of eccentric shape, the larger or wider portion of which chamber is connected to the engine by means of the outlet pipe or port 2 The radiating-apertures reconnect the atomizing-chamber with the supply-chamber 2. Now it will be observed that when a vacuum is created in the outlet-pipe 2 owing to the backward stroke of the'engine-piston, (not shown,) the air in the eccentric supplychamber ,2 will rush into pipe Z3. Since the pipe 23 is connected to the larger or wider portion of the supply-pipe, the air only in the wider portion will be drawn into the pipe 2 first, and air from the narrower portion thereof will rush to the front, drawing after it the vaporized and intermingled hydrocarbon and air from the radiating-ports z of the atomizing-chamber, and as the vacuum is re The supply of air orgasolene can be duced an equal amount of vaporized commingled air and hydrocarbon will be drawn from each radiating-aperture z into the outlet-pipe .2 until the suction caused by the vacuum is entirely overcome. A vent-pipe e is provided toconnect chamber 6 with the atmospheric pressure and provides an overflow-pipe to prevent the flooding of the engine in case of an obstruction causing the leakage of the valve It will be noted that by means of the carbureter constructed as described, having its stand-pipe and reservoir centrally located, a defect common to carbureters is obviated that is, the plane of the level of the gasolene passes through a fixed point in the center of the stand-pipe regardless of the position of the carbureter, anda uniform amount ofgasoleue is delivered to the mixing-chamber at all times.

The operation of our carbureter is as follows: Gasolene (or other gaseous fluid) is supplied to a reservoir from a supply-tank by gravity in uniform quantities and maintained at a constant level by means of an automatic valve. It is then forced into a central standpipe by creating a vacuum therein by the stroke of the piston of the engine which removes the atmospheric pressure. The amount of gasolene supplied to the mixing-chamber is regulated bya dividing-point and sprayer. The gasolene is retained in the stand-pipe until the next vacuum-stroke of the engine by means of a ball-check. The air and gasolene are admitted into the mixing-chamber through the annular groove and communicating apertures described, and stand-pipe and carried over bevel-surfaces to a common center, atomized and supplied to the engine through an eccentric chamber or a chamber so formed and adapted as to create an equal vacuum.

Having fully described our invention and its mode of operation, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Acarbureter comprisinga casinghaving a reservoir, a central stand-pipe extending into the reservoir, the upper surface of the stand-pipe being inclined, a cap on the easing, the cap having its inner surface inclined oppositely to the upper surface of the standpipe, a ring having its upper and lower surfaces inclined toward the center, the cap and upper surface of the central pipe together with the ring forming a mixing-chamber, substantially as described.

2. A carbureter comprising a casing, a reservoir located in the bottom of the casing, a stand-pipe, the lower end of which extends into the reservoir, the upper end of the standpipe of conical formation, the conical surface leading to the outlet-port, a cap adjustably secured on the casing, the cap being of inverted conical shape, and provided with a series of openings therein, the cap also provided with an annular groove whereby to connect the openings with one another and with the interior of the casing.

3. A carbureter comprising a casing having a reservoir located in the bottom thereof, a

stand-pipe, the projecting end of which depends into the reservoir, the reservoir provided with an inlet-opening, means surround ing the stand-pipe and connected to the valve whereby to control the opening, an inverted conical cap located above the stand-pipe, a dividing-point and sprayer secured in the cap and projecting downwardly into the opening in the stand-pipe, the cap provided with openings leading to the atmosphere, and an annular groove connecting the openings with the interior of the casing, the cap provided with adjustable means whereby the admission to the mixing-chamber of air and hydrocarbon is simultaneously effected.

4. A carbureter comprising a casing provided with a reservoir, a stand-pipe depending into the reservoir, a ball-check located in the stand-pipe, a mixing-chamber located at the opposite end of the stand-pipe, means for supplying air to the mixing-chamber, a ring provided with beveled surfaces inclining toward the mixing-chamber, the mixing-chamber-provided with outlet-passages, and spiral atomizers located in the outlet-passages, the atomizers retained in position by means of thering.

5. A carbureter comprising a shell, a cap located thereon and having a screw-threaded portion engaging an interiorly-threaded portion of the shell, a stand-pipe, a beveled ring located above the stand-pipe, a mixing-chamber, a reservoir surrounding the depending end of the stand-pipe, and a single means for adjusting the cap whereby to regulate the admission of gasolene and air into the mixingchamber.

6. A carbureter comprising a shell provided with a reservoir therein, a stand-pipe depending into the reservoir, positive means in the stand-pipe for admitting and retaining an amount of hydrocarbon therein from the reservoir, a mixing-chamber at the opposite end of the stand-pipe, a cap adjustably secured on the upper portion of the shell, the cap provided with an annular groove connecting a series of openings with the interior of the shell, a dividing-point and sprayer adj ustably secured in and carried by the cap, the depending end of the sprayer extending into the upper open end of the stand-pipe, the amount of air and hydrocarbon entering the mixing-chamber being controlled by the cap and sprayer, the cap being adjustable whereby to regulate the entrance of both air and hydrocarbon simultaneously and the sprayer being adjustable whereby the supply of hydrocarbon may be regulated independently of the air-supply or vice versa.

7. Acarbureter provided with a shell having a reservoir therein, a stand-pipe depending into the reservoir, the upper end of the stand-pipe of conical shape, a cap ofinverted conical shape adj ustably secured in the shell opposing the conically-formed upper end of the stand-pipe, the cap controlling the airsupply, a sprayer adjustably secured in and one above the other and located in the space between the upper end of the stand-pipe and the lower face of the ring.

8. A carburetor comprising a shell having a reservoir therein, a stand-pipe depending into the reservoir, the upper end of the stand-pipe provided with a conical flange, an inverted-cone-shaped cap adj ustably secured in the shell, the cap controlling the air-inlet, a ring located between the stand-pipe and the ,cap, the ring provided with faces inclining'toward the center of the shell, the inner circumference of the ring together with the upper end of the stand-pipe and the cap forming a mixing-chamber with conical passages leading from the air-inlets, and to the discharge-orifices, means carried by the cap for regulating the discharge of hydrocarbon from the stand-pipe, and a supply-chamber surrounding the shell and communicating with the mixing-chamber through the dischargeorifices, the supplychamber of eccentric for'm, whereby the suction of the piston will operate to draw an equal amount of mixed air and hydrocarbon from each dischargeorifice.

9. A carburetor comprising a shell, a mixing-chamber formed therein, a stand-pipe opening into the mixing-chamber, a cap adjustably secured to the shell, the cap provided with apertures leading to the outer air, and an annular groove in the cap connecting the air-apertures with the air-passage leading to the mixing-chamber, a sprayer and dividing-point adjustably secured in the cap, the lower end of the sprayer extending into the hydrocarbon stand-pipe and means on the cap whereby to simultaneously regulate the amount of air and hydrocarbon supplied to the mixing-chamber, the sprayer also capable of independent adjustment with reference to the cap and stand-pipe.

10. A carbureter comprising a shell, a reservoir removably secured therein and provided with an inlet-opening, a valve located in the opening, a stand-pipe depending into the reservoir, a float surrounding the standpipe, the valve connected thereto whereby the inlet-opening is controlled, a ball-check located in the stand-pipe whereby to prevent hydrocarbon once admitted from returning to the reservoir, the upper end of the standpipe provided with a conical flange leading to the discharge ports, an inverted -coneshaped cap adj ustably secured to the shell, the cap controlling the admission of air thereto, a dividing-point and sprayer adj ustably secured in the cap, the depending end of the sprayer adapted to enter the upper open end of the stand-pipe, means for simultaneously or independently regulating the amount of air and-hydrocarbon admitted to the-mixingchamber, a ring provided with upper and lower faces inclining toward the center, the

rin formin conical! -sha ed assa es from b h b the air-inlets to the mixing-chamber, and from the miXing-chamber-to the dischargeoutlets, and an eccentrically-formed supplychamber surrounding the shell and commu nicating with the discharge-ports whereby the suction exerted by the piston will operate to draw an equal amount of'mixed air and hydrocarbon from the mixing-chamber into the explosive-chamber. v

11. A carburetor comprising a shell, a reservoir having an annular shoulder thereon, the reservoir removably secured to the shell and provided with an inlet-opening, a valve located in the opening, a stand-pipe depending into the reservoir, afloat surrounding the stand-pipe, the shoulder limiting the downward movement of the float, the valve connected thereto whereby the inlet-opening is controlled, a ball-check located in the standpipe whereby to prevent hydrocarbon once admitted from returning to the reservoir, the upper end of the stand-pipe provided with a conical flange leading to the discharge-ports, an inverted-cone-shaped cap adjustably secured to the shell, the cap controlling the admission of air thereto, adividing-point and sprayer adjustably secured in the cap, the depending end of the sprayer adapted to enter the upper open end of the stand-pipe, a mixing-chamber, a removable lever connecting with the cap for simultaneously or independently regulating the amount of air and hydrocarbon admitted to the mixing-chamber, a ring provided with upper and lower faces inclining toward the center, the ring forming conically-shaped passages from the air-inlet to the mixing-chamber and from the chamber to the discharge-outlets, and an eccentrically-formed supply-chamber surrounding the shell and communicating with the discharge-ports whereby the suction exerted by the piston will operate to draw an equal amount of mixed air and hydrocarbon from the mixing-chamber into the explosive-chamber, the shell beneath the flange on the standpipe provided with a port leading to the atmosphere whereby to relieve any vacuum created therein and to disclose any irregularity in the operation of the hydrocarbon-inlet valve.

12. A carbureter comprising a shell, a mixing-chamber formed therein, air and hydrocarbon inlet ducts leading to the mixingchamber, discharge-passages leading from the mixing-chamber, an eccentrically-formed supply-chamber connected to the engine at one point, the eccentrically-formed supplychamber surrounding the shell and communicating with the discharge-passage leading from the mixing-chamber by means of discharge-apertures, the eccentric supply-chamber being narrowest at the point farthest 5 from its connection with the engine whereby the suction caused by the instroke of the piston will operate to draw an equal amount of mixed air and hydrocarbon from each dis-- ing-chamber into which the upper end of the stand-pipe discharges, means for admitting air to the mixing-chamber, means for regulating the amount of air and hydrocarbon to be admitted to the mixing-chamber, a ring located above the stand-pipe, a series of coiled annular atoniizers located between the ring and the upper end of the stand-pipe, and an eccentric supply-chamber encircling the mixing-chamber, the mixing-chamber provided with discharge-orifices opening into the sup-' ply-chamber, the supply-chamber connected to the engine, the width of the supply-chamber being narrower at the point farthest from its connection with the engine.

Signed by us at Mansfield, in the county of Richland and State of Ohio, this 1st day of August, 1901.

JAMES BUCHANAN LEPPO. DAVID MARTIN LEPPO.

Witnesses:

R. W. HARTMAN, JOHN H. Ooss. 

